3D MHD cross flow over an exponential stretching porous surface

The present study aims to investigate the effects of thermal‐diffusion and diffusion‐thermo onan magnetohydrodynamic convective flow of viscous fluids over an exponentially stretching sheet. Thermal radiation effects are also considered in the study. This analysis is carried out in three dimensions and a similarity transformation is adopted to get a set of ordinary differential equations from a set of partial differential equations. And the Fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta method and shooting technique along with the secant method are employed to find out an iterative solution. We also analyze here the influence of the variable magnetic field, nonuniform permeability and variable chemical reaction on the fluid flow. The impact of various pertinent parameters of interest has extensively been explored through graphs and tables. The major findings of the present study are that resistive Lorentz force diminishes the fluid velocity and uplifts the thermal as well as concentration fields. Inclusion of porous matrix improves the viscous drag force which in turn augments wall shear stresses and peters out the heat and mass transfer rates from the sheet. In addition, the thermal expansion coefficient has an inverse relation with temperature.     

A comparative study on hygroscopic and physiochemical properties of chicken powders obtained by different drying methods

Abstract

Different drying methods (spray drying (SD), vacuum drying (VD), microwave vacuum drying (MVD), and infrared vacuum drying (IFVD)) were applied in order to compare the hygroscopicity behavior of chicken powders. The hygroscopicity curves and glass transition temperature were used to evaluate the influence of ambient humidity and temperature on moisture absorption of powders. The results showed that the chicken powder dried by MVD had the lowest moisture absorption, followed by IFVD, VD, and SD. The hygroscopicity of SD chicken powders was different from other three kinds of chicken powders due to the physical properties of particles and the changes of protein secondary structure as detected by the Fourier transform-infrared spectrometer. For the three vacuum drying methods, the difference of protein secondary structure was the main reason of differences in hygroscopicity. Although MVD chicken powders were slightly inferior to SD chicken powders in taste, MVD chicken powders were the best in terms of smell and color as suggested by instrumental sensory parameter evaluations. It was found that MVD had a positive effect on reducing moisture absorption and maintaining sensory quality of chicken powders.     

DyCrxFe(1-x)O3 nanoparticles prepared by wet chemical technique for photocatalytic applications

DyCr_xFe_(1-x)O₃ (0 ≤ x ≥ 0.4) nanoparticles were prepared using facile chemical route. Structural and morphological evaluation was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopy. Formation of orthorhombic DyFeO₃ nanoparticles was confirmed by XRD with crystallite size of 9–10 nm. FESEM images revealed nearly spherical morphology of the fabricated nanoparticles. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) technique was employed to confirm the presence of Dy, Cr, Fe and O elements in DyCr_xFe_(1-x)O₃ nanoparticles. FTIR studies illustrated the presence of characteristics stretching and bending vibrations. UV–visible spectroscopy was used to analyze the photocatalytic performance of the DyFeO₃ and Cr-substituted DyFeO₃ nanoparticles and optical band gap measurements. Photocatalytic activities of the prepared substituted and un-substituted DyFeO₃ nanoparticles were conducted using three different dyes. These dyes were (i) methyl orange, (ii) rhodamine B and (iii) methylene blue. Lower band gap and higher photocatalytic performance was observed for Cr-substituted DyFeO₃ nanoparticles with methylene blue dye.     

双子(Gemini)表面活性剂合成及研究进展

综述了阳离子型、阴离子型、非离子型和两性离子型四类双子表面活性剂的合成及研究进展,指出未来双子表面活性剂研究的主要方向为获得更高的表面活性、降低合成和使用成本、不同类型的表面活性剂协同强化、提高安全环保性和拓宽应用领域等。     

草地退化对土壤理化性质的影响

文章以张家川县不同退化程度草地为研究对象,探讨草地退化对土壤理化性质的影响。结果显示:土壤密度和含水量均随着草地退化程度的增加而下降,有机碳和速效磷则随着草地退化程度增加呈现出先上升后下降的趋势。同时,不同退化程度的草地0~2.5 cm层土壤全氮和全磷含量基本均高于深层,土壤全钾含量在2.5~5 cm层高于其他层。总之,草地退化影响着土壤理化性质。     

移动加热源法制备单层硒化镓晶体

为了解决硒化镓(GaSe)晶体制备困难、化学性能差的问题,对GaSe晶体传统的化学汽相沉积制备方法进行了改进,采用移动加热源法制备GaSe晶体。搭建了GaSe晶体的制备装置,通过单片机精确调控制备晶体的高温炉的加热温度、移动位置等参数,并采用光学显微镜和原子力显微镜对所制备的GaSe晶体进行辅助表征。研究表明,利用移动加热源法可以制备出表面光滑且尺寸较大的单层二维GaSe晶体。由于对机电设备实现了自动精密移动,可对单层二维GaSe晶体实现高质量大批量的制备,有利于GaSe晶体在光电子学和纳电子学中的广泛应用。     

DTNF膜对煤化工HERO高盐废水的分盐实验研究

以新疆某煤化工高效反渗透（HERO）高盐废水为研究对象,测试了碟管式纳滤（DTNF）膜在70%、80%、90%回收率下的分盐效果,并择优采用高级氧化进行了纯化处理。中试结果表明,DTNF膜对HERO高盐废水有很好的分盐效果;提质后的氯化钠结晶盐纯度≥98.5%,满足GB/T 5462—2015《工业盐》精制工业干盐一级标准;硫酸钠结晶盐纯度≥98%,满足GB/T 6009—2014《工业无水硫酸钠》Ⅱ类一等品标准。     

基于缓冲对刀策略的自动化铲板组件设计

针对目前化纤纺丝生产中对喷丝板进行自动化铲板的需求,首先,提出一种自动铲板方法并设计了具有串并联弹簧缓冲对刀结构的铲板组件;然后,通过规划铲刀组件的对刀运动参数,建立组件的动力学模型,确定缓冲弹簧的刚度系数;同时对铲刀组件的对刀运动进行Adams仿真,验证运动参数设计和串并联弹簧缓冲对刀结构设计的正确性;最后,搭建了自动化铲板实验平台,开展对刀阶段的接触力测量实验。研究结果表明,实际对刀时的受力趋势与仿真结果一致,铲板组件可有效清洁喷丝板面,且随着铲刀接触力的增大铲板效果越明显,该研究为进一步开展自动化铲板系统的设计提供了技术参考。     

基于深度残差网络的化工过程故障诊断

本工作提出了一种基于深度残差网络(DRN)的化工过程故障诊断方法，可从大量化工过程运行数据中自动提取故障特征。模型采用快捷连接缓解传统深度神经网络训练困难的问题，且使用批归一化(BN)方法，可有效缓解梯度消失/爆炸的问题。以田纳西?伊斯曼(TE)过程为实验对象对所提方法进行诊断性能评价实验，并与以往的基于传统深度学习模型的TE过程故障诊断方法进行对比，进一步探究了模型层数、BN技术和残差结构对故障诊断率的影响，最后，通过t分布随机邻域嵌入(t-SNE)方法对网络部分层的输出进行可视化。结果表明，模型对21种工况取得了94%的平均故障诊断率和0.30%的平均假阳率，表现出更加卓越的诊断性能。输出层的二维散点图显示了清晰的聚类，表明所提出的DRN模型能够对故障进行准确诊断。